Question

Compare the magnetic properties of diamagnetic, paramagnetic and ferromagnetic substance.

Answer 1

Hint: The biggest variation between diamagnetic, paramagnetic and ferromagnetic materials is that there does not appear to be an inherent flux of diamagnetic materials, and paramagnetic materials are involved in an inherent field of force, while ferromagnetic materials are highly interested in an external field of force.

Complete step by step solution:
Diamagnetic- Diamagnetic compounds are non-attracting compounds to an active magnetic field. This is because there are no unpaired electrons in the atoms or ions found in such products. Diamagnetic compounds are also repelled by magnetic fields. That occurs because in these materials an induced magnetic field is generated in the opposite direction to that of the external magnetic field. The development of a force is affected by this induced field of force. Diamagnetism can be found in materials which have electronic structure symmetry and no magnet permanent moment. Diamagnetism, too, is not captivated by the temperature.

Some examples of diamagnetic materials include;
1. Quartz (silicon dioxide)
2. Calcite (calcium carbonate)
3. Water

Paramagnetic- Materials which are attracted to an external magnetic field are paramagnetic materials. This occurs because in these materials, these materials have unpaired electrons inside the atoms or ions present. Such unpaired electrons are capable of magnetism. Using high-intensity magnetic separators, paramagnetic materials may be isolated from other materials. A magnetic field with a frequency of 0.2-0.4 Tesla is used by these separators.

Some examples of paramagnetic materials include;
1. Hematite (\[{\text{F}}{{\text{e}}_{\text{2}}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}\])
2. Chalcopyrite (\[{\text{CuFe}}{{\text{S}}_{\text{2}}}\])
3. Garnet (Fe-silicates)

Ferromagnetic- Ferromagnetic materials are materials that are highly attracted to a magnetic field outside. These compounds contain more unpaired electrons in their metal atoms or ions. When these kinds of materials are attracted to an external field, they are magnetically activated and can act like small magnets. Ferromagnetic materials are isolated from other materials on an industrial scale using a low intensity.

Some examples of ferromagnetic materials include;
1. Magnetite (\[{\text{F}}{{\text{e}}_{\text{3}}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{4}}}\])
2. Iron (Fe)

Note: Diamagnetic substances exhibit repulsive forces against magnetic fields, diamagnetic materials can easily be distinguished from other materials. Using induced roll magnetic separators, paramagnetic materials and ferromagnetic materials can be differentiated by adjusting the magnetic field power used in the separator. The distinction between diamagnetic, paramagnetic, and ferromagnetic materials is that diamagnetic materials are not attracted to an external magnetic field, and paramagnetic materials are drawn to an external magnetic field, whereas ferromagnetic materials are highly attracted to an external magnetic field.